Avicennia marina
AVICENNIA MARINA
GROWTH FORM
TRUNK
ROOTS
FOLIAGE
FLOWERS
FRUITS
-
Medium to large tree growing up to 30 m.
-
Smooth, or slightly flaky grey trunk.
-
Extensive lateral root system stretching just below the soil surface with pencil-like breathing roots, also known as pneumatophores, sticking vertically out of the muddy ground to take in oxygen.
-
Elliptic or oblong-obovate leaves with a round tip, pale green lower surface and measuring up to 9 by 4.5 cm. Upper surface is covered with glandular dots.
-
Small, regular, orange to dark orange flowers measuring 5 - 8 mm, waxy surface, terminal flower clusters usually have about 2 - 12 flowers. Corolla has 4 equal lobes, ovary has a short style and a median ring of hairs that do not conceal the stigma.
-
Light green in colour, ovoid in shape with a broad base and sharp apical beak, measuring about 2 cm across. All Avicennia spp. exhibits crytovivipary, in which the embryo germinates within the fruit but does not enlarge sufficiently to break through the fruit wall.
Avicennia marina, also known as Api Api Ludat, is a mangrove tree. It has large orange-yellow flowers that smell rancid. The leaves are oblong shaped and the underside are distinctly yellowish green.
It is best to have tight muddy soil or soft lightning that subsides from 10-30cm.
Preferably the number of days of tidal flooding from 20-25 days per month, the exposure time from 5-8 hours per day.
The average monthly temperature is over 20°C, the average annual rainfall is from 1,300-2,400mm/year.
| The salinity suitable for Avicennia marina ranges from 15-25‰.
